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Cumulative Risk and Low-Income Children's Language Development

University of Virginia, stantonchapman{at}virginia.edu

Derek A. Chapman

Virginia Commonwealth University

Ann P. Kaiser

Vanderbilt University

Terry B. Hancock

Vanderbilt University

This study utilized an electronic data linkage method to examine the effects of risk factors present at birth on language development in preschool. The Preschool Language Scale-3 (PLS-3) was administered to 853 low-income children, and cumulative risk data were abstracted from linked birth records. At least one risk factor was present in 94% of this sample, while 39% were exposed to three or more risk factors. On average, a girl's PLS-3 Total Score decreased by 2.3 points with each risk factor; the average decrease for boys was 1.1 point per risk factor. The accumulation of multiple risk factors thus appears to increase the negative effects of poverty. Researchers are encouraged to use historical administrative data sets to support prevention and early identification efforts.

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