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Topics in Early Childhood Special Education
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Trace element concentrations and behavior: clinical utility in the assessment of developmental disabilities

Thomas F. Massaro, PhD

Department of Nutrition The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania

Daniel J. Raiten

Department of Nutrition The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania

Craig H. Zuckerman

School of Psychology The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania

Trace element and toxic metal concentrations were determined in blood and hair samples obtained from autistic, learning disabled, and control children between the ages of 6 and 12 years. The average hair and blood concentrations of copper, magnesium, zinc, and lead were within acceptable ranges. Serum copper and magnesium, plasma zinc, and whole blood lead concentrations were similar for all groups. Serum copper, plasma zinc, and whole blood lead were identified as predictors of group membership. The results of the present study provide support for inclusion of trace element profiles for diagnostic purposes with developmentally disabled children.

Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, Vol. 3, No. 2, 55-61 (1983)
DOI: 10.1177/027112148300300210
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